Archive for October 16th, 2009

The Post-War Housing Boom

Sometimes described in the post WWII years as `the housing shortage’, the nationwide effort to fix a very serious problem has over the years come to be called `the housing boom’. Without a doubt it was a boom in demand and activity. There was also a marked increase in house ownership, achieved in many cases through heroic individual effort and years of sacrifice.

Changing social attitudes offered new opportunities, but also narrowed the choices. Emphasis in state housing plans was at first on rental dwellings; later there was a swing toward the ownership of low-cost dwellings. At a time when various influencers had reduced the amount of rental houses, governments, banks, finance companies, building societies and housing co-ops were offering a wider range of opportunities for home ownership. Ironically this was paralleled by a jump in construction input costs.

Top on the list of factors linked to rising building costs were the passing of legislation for the 40-hour working week, and marked increases in the cost of construction materials. By 1948 an employer had to pay an unqualified building labourer a higher wage than a tradesperson had received in early 1946.

To keep both labourer and tradie rationally employed the builder needed a continuous flow of materials which was a rare event during this period. Lack of skilled workers also meant lower quality construction and a blow out in construction time.

Contract prices were loaded with an increasing profit margin as an insurance against unseen contingencies. Under commonwealth price control, builders were entitled to a 10 per cent `profit’ on the contract price. Above award payments were not recognised in price control and yet builders often found a need to pay above award salaries to ensure house completion.

Unexpected costs could arise when, for example, hardwood flooring was suddenly out of stock, and a higher price would then have to be paid for imported Baltic flooring.

With locally made cement taking forever to turn up, a delivery from across the border was sometimes purchased at nearly three times the price. When compared to 1939 prices timber flooring material had, by 1948, increased 100 per cent in value. Cement had risen by almost 20 per cent and clay roofing tiles by more than 25 per cent. A gallon of quality paint costing around 30s ($3) in 1939 had risen at least 40 per cent by 1948.

When added to rising costs and shortages of materials the government restrictions, limiting the area of a new dwelling to 1200 square feet (111.48 square metres) for a timber house and 1250 square feet (116.12 square metres) for a brick house, completed the recipe for an imposed design modesty.

The economical floor plan was necessary; cost-saving and limitations on area made large single-purpose rooms a luxury. Verandahs and wide open porches were deleted, reducing the shelter at the front entrance to a minimum area. Ceiling heights had been slowly reduced from the turn of the century and were now usually nine feet (2745 mm). Until the government construction restrictions were lifted in 1952 the acceptance of no-nonsense functionalism was as much an imposed state as it was a fashionable philosophy. This was the era of the great Australian Dream.

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